ESA/ EU and NASA / USGS developed a series of Earth observation missions. Sentinel-2 performs land monitoring, using two polar-orbiting satellites providing high-resolution optical imagery. Sentinel-1 has the objectives of Land and Ocean monitoring and is composed of two polar-orbiting satellites operating day and night, performing Radar imaging and enabling them to acquire imagery regardless of the weather. The NASA / USGS Landsat-5 and Landsat-8 missions also provide optical imagery. Remote sensing-derived spectral indexes, such as NDVI, NDBI, NDWI, are related to vegetation, built-up surfaces and liquid water respectively.

Land cover (LC) is the physical material at the surface of Earth, such as grass, asphalt, trees, bare ground, water, etc. LC Estimation can be performed by field surveys or analysis of remotely sensed imagery. EU initiated the CORINE Land Cover (CLC) inventory in 1985 (reference year 1990), while updates have been produced in 2000, 2006, 2012, and 2018. ESA produced a global land cover product (WorldCover) at 10 m resolution for 2020 and 2021 based on Sentinel-1 and 2 data. Deep learning methods (e.g. UTAE) to estimate LC from EO data have also been proposed.

The RUSLE model is recognized as a typical method to estimate soil erosion through the prediction of the long-term average soil loss, based on five main factors; climatology, soil type, land cover, topography, and anthropogenic factors. The application of the model identifies the spatial distribution of the prone to erosion areas and quantifies the seasonal and annual soil loss per pixel.

The deformation of the Earth's surface derives from various phenomena such as earthquakes, geological phenomena, or changes in groundwater flow by aquifer overexploitation and hydrocarbon extraction. Multi-temporal datasets of both ground measurements and satellite data are applied. One powerful technique is Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Interferometry (InSAR). Periodic and semi-automatic application of the DInSAR method using Sentinel-1 SLC data is being implemented that allows measuring the rate of ground deformation, thus identifying potential hazards. As an alternative, in-situ measurements using GPS/GNSS measurements are being considered. Specifically, measurement campaigns from 2021-2022 and the previous project INDES-MUSA are visualized, to measure the locations of a specific set of ground points in the pilot area.

Coastal zones are strongly impacted by human activity and host a rich variety of biodiversity and are valuable from an environmental, social, and economic point of view. Modern EO assets, data, and new technological tools provide new frameworks and tools to monitor coastlines. In this work, we classify the coastal region to land and water, based on the NDWI index estimated from all available Sentinel-2 images at a yearly basis. Changes with respect to a reference coastline provided by the Greek Ministry of Citizen Protection can also be visualised and quantified.

Several regions in Greece have been subject to the manifestation of land subsidence phenomena that were mainly associated with intense water pumping or reservoir compaction over the last fifty years. Characteristic examples of areas with intense land subsidence phenomena are the Kalochori village. In this context, the platform includes the results from a series of four water level measurement campaigns that have been performed in the years 2013-2015 in the previous project INDES-MUSA as well as the results of two new campaigns in 2022-2023. The processing of the acquired water level data led to the construction of isopiezometric maps presenting the piezometric of the successive confined‐artesian aquifers.